Nanoscale state-of-charge heterogeneities within polycrystalline nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials

How Amira-Avizo Software is used

Image processing was performed in Avizo (V2020.2, Thermo Fisher Scientific) on the reconstructed micro-CT volume containing 975 × 975 × 975 voxels and the edge energy maps extracted from the output of TXM-Wizard described earlier. Segmentation of the NMC particles was carried out via a simple thresholding algorithm derived from Otsu’s method²⁵ and available in the Auto-Threshold module in Avizo. Small features <5 voxels wide were removed, and the Separate Objects Avizo module was applied to separate neighboring particles that were in contact with one another. The separated particles were individually labeled using the Label Analysis Avizo module, which assigns different label values to each particle. A Z projection of the micro-CT grayscale dataset was obtained using the Image Stack Projection module in Avizo, to emulate the TXM mosaics. Another intensity-maxima projection of the individually numbered particle label field was also obtained using the Image Stack Projection module in Avizo to show any stacking of particles in the direction orthogonal to the current collector. All of the datasets were manually aligned using the Transform Editor tool in Avizo.